[Publication Time] 2021.08.10

[Lead Author] Shi Yusheng

[Corresponding Author] Shi Yusheng; Zang Shuying

[Journal] Journal of Cleaner Production

[Abstract]

Open biomass burning (OBB) significantly impacts regional and global air quality, climate change, and human health. Northeast China (NEC) is susceptible to OBB, including forest, shrubland, grassland, peatland, and cropland burning. Here, we develop a high-resolution (1 km × 1 km), multi-year (2001–2017), and monthly emission inventory associated with OBB in NEC using the burned area product (MCD64A1), satellite and observational biomass data, vegetation index-derived spatiotemporal variable combustion efficiency, and emission factors. The emissions produced from the burning of 11 types of crop-residues were calculated using measured and MODIS fire radiative power (FRP) data. The results showed that the average annual OBB emissions in NEC for 2001–2017 were 23.4, 95.1, 1538.0, 30,816.8, 18.8, 258.5, 69.8, 133.7, 225.3, 321.8, and 11.3 Gg of BC, CH 4 , CO, CO 2 , NH 3 , NMVOC, NO x , OC, PM 2.5 , PM 10 , and SO 2 , respectively. Taking CO 2 as an example, crop residue burning was observed to be the largest contributor of CO 2 overall, accounting for 68% (20.9 × 10 3  Gg a −1 ) of the total CO 2 emissions, which was followed by forest (30%) and grassland (2%) fires. Heilongjiang Province was the largest emitter of CO 2 (16.7 × 10 3  Gg a −1 ) compared to Jilin (5.8 × 10 3  Gg a −1 ), Inner Mongolia (5.3 × 10 3  Gg a −1 ), and Liaoning (3.0 × 10 3  Gg a −1 ). Crop residue burning was dominant in Heilongjiang, Jilin, and Liaoning, while forest fires were dominant in Inner Mongolia. Furthermore, CO 2 emissions showed considerable interannual variability, with peaks in 2003 and 2008. Extensive burning of crop residues in the four provinces jointly determined these peak CO 2 emissions, which occurred in March and October. Our high-resolution and multi-year inventory of OBB emissions can be applied to air quality modeling, atmospheric transport simulation, and biogeochemical cycling studies.

[Keywords]

Air pollution; Biomass burning; Crop residue; Forest fires; CO; 2; emissions